Water: Ensure they always have access to fresh, clean water in a leak-proof bottle or bowl. Wash water bottles, bowls and food bowls regularly.
Base Diet: High-quality rat pellets formulated for their specific needs should be the foundation of their diet (around 80%). Look for pellets with protein content around 14-16% and fat content around 5%.
Fresh Produce: Offer a daily serving of fresh vegetables and occasional fruits (around 20%) for essential vitamins and fiber. Safe options include:
Vegetables: Broccoli, cauliflower, kale, spinach, bok-choy, green beans, carrots, zucchini and the occasional cooked potato. Do not give your rats raw potato or uncooked potato skins, as raw potato contains a toxin to rats that can be removed by cooking it. Steaming or boiling the potato is ideal.
Fruits (in moderation): berries, apple slices, banana (small pieces), pear slices
Protein sources (occasional): A small amount of cooked lean protein like chicken, fish, or hard-boiled egg can be offered a few times a week for variety. Cook any meat under the grill, do not fry in a pan with oil.
Occasional nuts such as almonds or cashews should be given in moderation. Even less occasionally, a very small amount of Greek yogurt is always a delicious treat.
Grains (minimal): Small amounts of whole grains like brown rice or whole-wheat pasta can be offered as an occasional treat.
Do not’s
Unhealthy fats and sugars: Avoid sugary treats, processed snacks, fried foods, and fatty dairy products (except for a very small amount of greek yogurt once in a blue moon). These can lead to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems.
Seed mixes: While some seed mixes are sold for rats, they often lack essential nutrients and can be imbalanced.
Toxic foods: Certain foods are toxic to rats and should be completely avoided. These include:
Chocolate
Onions
Garlic
Avocado
Citrus fruits (high in citric acid)
Grapes and raisins
Rhubarb
Alcohol
Caffeinated drinks
Treats: Treats should only make up a small portion (around 10%) of your rat’s overall diet. Use healthy treats like plain popcorn, dry oatmeal, or a small piece of cooked sweet potato.